Plan an AI Application Security Test Around Data and Tool Boundaries

Scope AI security testing around model inputs, retrieval data, system instructions, connectors, output handling, and human decisions.

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Scope and fit

AI features add interfaces and trust boundaries but remain part of an application. A useful test plan begins with the data and actions the model can influence.

Map model and application components

Identify model provider or runtime, prompt construction, retrieval stores, plugins, tools, user roles, and output consumers. Mark where untrusted text can influence a privileged action.

Test data exposure and instruction handling

Use benign, controlled cases to probe cross-user retrieval, prompt injection, sensitive output, unsafe tool invocation, and policy bypass. Avoid real secrets or external targets unless explicitly authorized.

Evaluate controls around the model

Review connector permissions, output validation, rate limits, logging, and human approval. OWASP's GenAI resources can help structure test ideas; they do not establish model safety or regulatory approval.

Decisions and tradeoffs

Use this table as a working review record. Replace assumptions with evidence from the target environment.

Decision areaWorking guidance
Map model and application componentsIdentify model provider or runtime, prompt construction, retrieval stores, plugins, tools, user roles, and output consumers. Mark where untrusted text can influence a privileged action.
Test data exposure and instruction handlingUse benign, controlled cases to probe cross-user retrieval, prompt injection, sensitive output, unsafe tool invocation, and policy bypass. Avoid real secrets or external targets unless explicitly authorized.
Evaluate controls around the modelReview connector permissions, output validation, rate limits, logging, and human approval. OWASP's GenAI resources can help structure test ideas; they do not establish model safety or regulatory approval.

Implementation questions

What should the team decide about map model and application components?

Identify model provider or runtime, prompt construction, retrieval stores, plugins, tools, user roles, and output consumers. Mark where untrusted text can influence a privileged action. Use a named owner and a written acceptance check so this decision can be reviewed after deployment.

What should the team decide about test data exposure and instruction handling?

Use benign, controlled cases to probe cross-user retrieval, prompt injection, sensitive output, unsafe tool invocation, and policy bypass. Avoid real secrets or external targets unless explicitly authorized. Use a named owner and a written acceptance check so this decision can be reviewed after deployment.

What should the team decide about evaluate controls around the model?

Review connector permissions, output validation, rate limits, logging, and human approval. OWASP's GenAI resources can help structure test ideas; they do not establish model safety or regulatory approval. Use a named owner and a written acceptance check so this decision can be reviewed after deployment.

Plan, build, verify, operate

Map model and application components: Identify model provider or runtime, prompt construction, retrieval stores, plugins, tools, user roles, and output consumers. Mark where untrusted text can influence a privileged action. Record the result and the next owner before changing the next boundary.

Deployment checks

Turn the page into a reviewable handover by assigning each check to a person and retaining its result.

Plan an AI Application Security Test Around Data and Tool Boundaries: decision 1

Write down the boundary, owner, dependency, and proof required for plan an ai application security test around data and tool boundaries before implementation begins.

Plan an AI Application Security Test Around Data and Tool Boundaries: decision 2

Write down the boundary, owner, dependency, and proof required for plan an ai application security test around data and tool boundaries before implementation begins.

Plan an AI Application Security Test Around Data and Tool Boundaries: decision 3

Write down the boundary, owner, dependency, and proof required for plan an ai application security test around data and tool boundaries before implementation begins.

Bound the AI red-team exercise

AI application red-team planning must scope the model, prompts, retrieval, tools, agents, identity roles, data sources, environments, rate limits, and external actions. A surprising model response is not enough; assess whether it reaches a protected record, bypasses an authorisation check, triggers a tool, or creates another concrete security condition.

Use test accounts and synthetic data in a segregated environment. State prohibited actions, handling for harmful content, tool permissions, observation, escalation, and stop authority. Never treat a model as an authorisation engine; enforce sensitive actions with deterministic controls outside the model.

DeployOpen can conduct the approved exercise. The customer owns model use policy, data permissions, production change, and acceptance of residual risk.

Handover and ownership

Before handover, name the system owner, support path, access boundary, backup or recovery responsibility, and the condition that pauses a change.

Keep a short record of what was tested, what remains outside scope, and when the review should happen again.

Sources and further reading

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